Track spike drawing full#

This national trend contrasts with that in the West Coast, where consumption dropped below its 10-year minimum.

In March 2023, distillate fuel oil consumption in the United States, excluding the West Coast, climbed above its 10-year maximum. In the rest of the United States, distillate fuel oil consumption has been near five-year (2017–2021) averages and has not shown a noticeable trend, aside from returning to pre-pandemic levels (Figure 2). EIA does not estimate regional consumption of renewable diesel. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fueling Station Locator suggest that most of this fuel is consumed in California. Data from the California Air Resources Board and the U.S. This trend is unique to the West Coast, where most of the United States’ new renewable diesel supply is consumed. In the three months of 2023 published in our Petroleum Supply Monthly (PSM), consumption for two months were below 10-year lows, and the average monthly consumption was the lowest for those three months since 2000. In five months in 2022, distillate fuel consumption in the region dropped below the 10-year (2012–2021) minimums. West Coast distillate fuel oil consumption decreased in 2022 and is on track to be even lower in 2023 (Figure 1). Regardless of whether renewable diesel or biodiesel are blended with petroleum distillate or consumed directly, they generally serve the same end uses and can displace volumes of petroleum distillate. Biodiesel has the same uses as renewable diesel and is made with the same feedstocks, but it is typically blended with petroleum distillate at concentrations of 20% or less for vehicle consumption because of some chemical differences from petroleum distillate. Renewable diesel is considered a fungible, drop-in replacement for petroleum distillate, meaning it can be used in diesel engines in any concentration. Renewable diesel is a transportation and heating fuel that is chemically equivalent to petroleum-based distillate fuel but is produced using fats, oils, or greases rather than petroleum.

Renewable diesel and biodiesel are the two biomass-based diesel fuels that can be used in place of petroleum distillate. The primary cause for the decline is the replacing of petroleum diesel with biofuels, namely renewable diesel, which has gained a larger market share of the region’s diesel pool as clean-fuel programs incentivize biofuels. West Coast, as measured by product supplied, decreased to its lowest level since 2002 last year and continues its decline this year. I found that by using a generative design I could create stronger support and made the design more efficient.Biofuels are displacing petroleum-based distillate fuel oil consumption on the West CoastĬonsumption of distillate fuel oil in the U.S. My design challenge was to create an indoor track spike that maximized support from lateral forces on the curve but also kept the track spike extremely lightweight. The combination of this and other factors decreases the absolute speed of sprinters from 9.83 ms to 9.37 ms. I took this opportunity to research and design the first indoor track spike.įrom my research, I've found that sprinters lateral ground reaction force increases around 700 Newtons on indoor track turns compared to running straight.

Track spike drawing full#

While competing and sprinting full speed around indoor tracks, I could feel my foot coming out from under my spike plate. I was inspired to create an indoor sprint spike from my own experience as a collegiate runner.

The Lightspeed track spike is designed to help elite indoor sprinters maintain their maximum speed around turns and to keep their feet light and comfortable.